Free Essays on Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche, a unique philosopher had some very interesting ideas about people’s human values and personality types. In this essay I will explain what I like and dislike about his "Master Morality" & his antithesis to this, "Slave Morality". According to Nietzche, all morality is a manifestation of the will to power. The other is driven by the will to power but attempts to deny this. The term "master morality" refers to all the values of the psychologically strong willed people. They stress independence, personal dignity, self-approval and the will to succeed. For such people "good" refers to whatever leads to self-fulfillment with values such as nobility, strength, courage, power and pride. The antithesis to the master morality is the "slave morality." This morality appeals to those who are uncertain of themselves, weak willed. They define "good" as what makes life easier, safer, with such qualities as patience, humility, charity, modesty and compassion. I agree and d isagree with Nietzsche. I agree with the will to power. That all individuals are driven by this will. I am living proof. I want to be in charge of my future. I have goals in every aspect of my life that I want to fulfill, everyone does. Without these goals there would be no motivation for life. Artists wouldn’t want to be artists, scientists wouldn’t care about science, and people wouldn’t care about themselves. I also agree with the master morality’s virtues not the master morality as a perfect being. I think we need these virtues In order to succeed in fulfilling the goals set forth by the will to power. I feel that when a person finds him or herself these master morality virtues are evident. The slave morality on the otherhand, I think has some virtues and some downfalls as Nietzsche suggests. Patience, modesty, charity and compassion are some of the virtues that Nietszche believes to be "sour grapes". I believe in these qualities. The part of the slav ... Free Essays on Friedrich Nietzsche Free Essays on Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Nietzsche, a unique philosopher had some very interesting ideas about people’s human values and personality types. In this essay I will explain what I like and dislike about his "Master Morality" & his antithesis to this, "Slave Morality". According to Nietzche, all morality is a manifestation of the will to power. The other is driven by the will to power but attempts to deny this. The term "master morality" refers to all the values of the psychologically strong willed people. They stress independence, personal dignity, self-approval and the will to succeed. For such people "good" refers to whatever leads to self-fulfillment with values such as nobility, strength, courage, power and pride. The antithesis to the master morality is the "slave morality." This morality appeals to those who are uncertain of themselves, weak willed. They define "good" as what makes life easier, safer, with such qualities as patience, humility, charity, modesty and compassion. I agree and d isagree with Nietzsche. I agree with the will to power. That all individuals are driven by this will. I am living proof. I want to be in charge of my future. I have goals in every aspect of my life that I want to fulfill, everyone does. Without these goals there would be no motivation for life. Artists wouldn’t want to be artists, scientists wouldn’t care about science, and people wouldn’t care about themselves. I also agree with the master morality’s virtues not the master morality as a perfect being. I think we need these virtues In order to succeed in fulfilling the goals set forth by the will to power. I feel that when a person finds him or herself these master morality virtues are evident. The slave morality on the otherhand, I think has some virtues and some downfalls as Nietzsche suggests. Patience, modesty, charity and compassion are some of the virtues that Nietszche believes to be "sour grapes". I believe in these qualities. The part of the slav ... Free Essays on Friedrich Nietzsche Both, Friedrich Nietzsche in his â€Å"Thus spoke Zaratuthstra† and Imants Ziedonis in his â€Å"Epifanijas† explore the subject of our existence. Nietzsche constantly asks questions, while Ziedonis tries to give answers to the causes of various problems. Both men refer to God, and although Nietzsche denies him, still, it is evident that both men are related by the same spirit that is reflected in their work. Even with some difference in believes exploited, the reader seems to derive the same message from these two works: what is men importance in this world? Friedrich Nietzsche through out his life believed in nihilism. Thus, the existence of men where God is not involved. This can be clearly seen in the Prologue of his book â€Å"Thus spoke Zaratuthstra†, where Zarathustra denies God, â€Å"Could it be possible! This old saint in the forest not yet heard of it, that God is dead!† This dilemma is also explored farther more when Zarathustra speaks to a dieing man, "there is nothing of all that whereof thou speakest: there is no devil and no hell. Thy soul will be dead even sooner than thy body; fear, therefore, nothing any more!" Through this conversation it is clear that eternity for Nietzsche also has ceased to exist, hence for him men is the only importance to the world. Nietzsche picks up this idea and explores it further, in the conversation between Zarathustra and the saint, where Zarathustra boldly states, â€Å"I love mankind,† hence proves that in his nihilist hierarchy, man is superior to God, for God simply does not exist. By showing this, Nietzsche seems to question himself, for in his book, he often uses allusions to the bible, such as some of Ten Commandments in part five of a Prologue: â€Å"Love thy neighbour as thy friend† and â€Å"Do not covet for what you do not have†, as well as he also mentions that all men are equal and have same rights and wants as others. In Ziedonis’s â€Å"Epifanijas,† the existence of God is ...

International Dentists Insurance Company

International Dentists Insurance Company Introduction To maneuver a company to success the past, present and the future environment of the business must be reviewed regularly to avoid risks. The management should therefore create a risk management utility to handle possible risks that might affect the operations of the entity.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Dentists Insurance Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The case study company, The International Dentists Insurance Company (IDIC failed to do so and now it has to face the consequences since it is being faced with problems that it could have been solved if they were detected early. The Mega Insurance Company (MIC) has however offered to buy the company so as to save it from the eminent solvency. This is a dangerous move for MIC and therefore there is need for risk analysis to determine what risks face MIC if it buys IDIC. To begin with, if MIC buys IDIC half of its employees will ha ve to be laid off this is because MIC will be introducing a new system which is not familiar to the IDIC staff, IDIC filling system will also be changed and computer illiteracy is very high hence the IDIC staff will need a lot of training. Risk Management Process The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) management process will be used for this report; it can be defined as the â€Å"process of aligning strategy, processes, people, technology and knowledge with a purpose of evaluating and managing the uncertainties the enterprise faces as it creates value† (Dempster, et, al, 2008). There are processes involved with this such as: risk identification, analysis, evaluation, risk treatment, monitoring and review, communication and content analysis. The approach has been chosen for this report, because it is a structured and comprehensive move towards risk management, instead of the traditional individual or â€Å"silo† approach to risk management (Bennett, ET, al, 2000). ERM als o endeavors to establish risk management in all important decisions all over the organization including understanding behavioral risks that can be conducted through a human resource (HR) audit. Risk Analysis of threats The first step in risk management is to identify the threats facing the normal operations of a company in order to identify how they will affect efficiency in the routine operations. The above issues create a threat for MIC as the laid-off employees will need compensation while those will stay behind will need new training on the new system.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will definitely cost MIC a large amount of capital, time and labour. Another threat is handling IDIC clients, MIC has to facilitate the change, and not all stakeholders will be willing to co-operate, IDIC records are kept in files hence MIC will need to access the clients inf ormation by reading through the files which is tedious, they will also need to change the data so as to incorporate it into their system and finally they have to contact the clients and explain to them the new policies of the company. In addition, MIC will need to change their system so as to accommodate the new employees, clients and information; and this therefore requires it to expand and upgrade their system. Integrating the employees into their system will also cause a security threat to MIC hence they will require proper management to prevent this from happening. IDIC had a broker insurance system therefore clients information could be accessed by other companies hence this posses a threat to MIC security system. All of the above threats make MIC vulnerable since these are complicated issues that require immediate solutions and resources too (Hubbard, 2009). Impact Analysis Laying 50% of IDIC employees will create a problem for MIC and the staff union; in previous occasions th is usually created a depressing image for a company due to the negative publicity which reduced the clients trust in it. Training the staff about the EPR system and the computer technology will be very tedious and as indicated above, it will need both human and capital resources. This will reduce productivity for a while since the employees will obviously be slow and also it will create a financial problem for the company. The outdated filing systems will be difficult to extract information from; such systems are characterized of missing some data, wrong data entry, and misplaced data among others: MIC will therefore need experts to get the information and arrange for it to be applicable. MLC will therefore have to solve the above issues with much care so that they will not adversely affect its operation which can be bad for business (Frenkel, ET, al, 2002). Risk Determination Operational risks Threats Impacts of threats Vulnerability Risk Level of risks and recommendations IT systems malfunction There could be system failures if changes are not well implemented. Impact on normal operations. Low production High-hire experts to install the new system Breach of security systems. Medium. Sharing databases with IDIC will be very risky because the systems are completely different. Impact on normal operations Corruption of databases Medium-enhance the security system Lack of cooperation from the MIC employees They highly determine the success of the operation. Impact normal operations Low productivity High-communicate to employees Union unrest and dispute resolution. The union will raise disputes and argue with MIC leading to legal issues. Impact MIC Bad publicity High Failure to introduce new procedures that fit in with the changes. The old procedures might work under the new system but not effectively. Impact normal operations It will lead to inefficiency Medium-introduce new procedures Loss of clients to competitors The bad publicity will cost MIC some clients. Impact normal operations Loss of revenues Medium-ensure that the system doesn’t affect the clients Changes in legislation There will be slight changes in employment and insurance laws. Impact on MIC Not significant Low-educate stakeholders about the new laws Loss of key personnel and their expertise IDIC might lose valuable employees to competitors due to the changes. Impact on operations. Loss of skilled labor Medium-give them enticing incentives Financial risks Threats Impact of threats Vulnerability Risk due to threats Risk level and recommendations Funds management and liquidity issues. .MIC will need a lot of financial resources to implement the changes. Impact on operations. Financial problems Medium-borrow loan from banks Change in revenues Due to loss of some clients revenues will fall. Business continuity Encourage clients to stay and acquire others too Medium-advertise their services and stability Impact of changes in the economy Low. T he changes might affect the general economy but very remotely. Impact on ability to meet general obligations. Not significant Low-acquire more clients Risk Management Plan Control Recommendations MIC needs to create some controls to manage these threats; the controls can be general for all or they can also be specialized according to the specific threat. The controls can also be assigned to specific limit or be handled by the company as a whole on the other hand, having specialists to handle them will be much easier faster, and more efficient. A team should be formed that should comprise of a team leader and the members. The members should be from all the departments affected: for example there should be an expert on computer systems, information management and data analysis, public relations officer, operations manager, legal issues manager, and human resource manager among others. The above experts will then appoint other people to whom they will delegate various responsibili ties to make the work easier. The experts will also ensure that the transition is done in an efficient way and also cost effectively. MIC should also assign resources to the team so that they can be able to execute their responsibilities. The computer systems expert will ensure that the security systems are functioning well and if need be, upgrade them. The expert will then organize the IDIC training by hiring the trainers and providing all the necessary resources through the management and then coordinate the activity so that it takes the least time but achieve the required results. The information management expert will co-ordinate the recovery of data from the IDIC systems so that all the data required is achieved.The expert will also ensure that all the data that is missing will be acquired through other methods. The expert will also ensure that all the clients and employees from IDIC confirm that the information pertaining to them is correct. The public relation officer or comm unications manager will communicate to the company’s stakeholders and update them on the new developments in the entity. Any communication inward or outward should be directed to the manager so as to prevent false rumors from spreading. The manager should also ensure that there is a person handling the media because information getting to them should be from the right person due to the fact that the media is a very powerful tool in influencing people as they tend to trust the media more than any other source of information. The expert should therefore ensure that the media is broadcasting the correct information about the company and the crisis at hand. The supervisor is also responsible for communication in the company since the employees and the clients need information regarding the issue. They should therefore be provided with guidelines on what to do during the crisis to avoid confusion and panic (Knief, 1991). The expert can use written materials to provide the informat ion or call for meetings so that questions raised would be answered. The human resource expert will be responsible for the inclusion of the IDIC staff into MIC: the expert should offer guidelines on how the process should be carried out, announce who will be laid off and if there is compensation then the manager should also clearly explain how it will be distributed to the employees. The operations expert will ensure that the normal company activities run smoothly without interruption and if they will be affected, the expert should ensure that the interruption is minimal. The legal officer will handle all legal issues concerning the change and represent the company in any legal suit filed against it. The officer will also oversee any agreements and contracts agreed upon regarding the acquisition and ensure they are properly documented for future purposes. MIC management will be the core players in this: they should ensure that there are enough resources for the change; they should a lso monitor the activity to ensure that everything is going as planned. They need to create a time frame in which the activity should be done so that the team appointed can plan so as to meet the deadline (Crouhy, et, al, 2001) Conclusion Every business will always be faced with risks, what matter is how the risks are mitigated to avoid interruption of the entity’s operations. Companies should ensure that that they are always ready for any possible risk so as to prepare in advance. Despite the risks facing MIC the company can successfully buy IDIC without undergoing major problems once all the risks are taken into consideration and managed.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Dentists Insurance Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference list Bennett, W, Golub, Leo M, Tilman. (2000). Risk management: approaches for fixed income markets. NJ: John Wiley Sons. Crouhy, M, Galai, D, Robert M. (2001).Risk management. Canada: McGraw-Hill. Dempster, M. A. H. Alan, H, D. (2008).Risk management: value at risk and beyond. Paris: CRC Press. Frenkel, M, Ulrich H, Gunter D, Rudolf. (2002).Risk management: challenge and opportunity. Deutschland: Huschens. Hubbard D, W. (2009). The failure of risk management.NJ: John Wiley Sons. Knief, A. (1991). â€Å"Risk management†. Washington, D.C: Hemisphere Pub. Corp.

A personal development plan. Becoming an international manager in Essay

A personal development plan. Becoming an international manager in intercontinental hotel - Essay Example Identifying my strengths and weaknesses will enable me to achieve both professional and personal development in the hospitality industry. A personal development plan is important because it fosters and monitors career progression and helps in developing appropriate skills needed to meet the demands of customers and employees in the hospitality industry. The work of an international hotel manager includes answering all questions posted by clients across the world about hotel services and policies. The manager also listens and resolves employees and client’s complaints. The international hotel manager assigns tasks to employees and carefully schedule shifts for all employees worldwide. Supervisors assist in monitoring employees’ work, but the ultimate authority of observing and monitoring employees’ performance in the hotels rests with the international manager. This operation enables the hotel management to accomplish tasks that are assigned to employees. Internat ional managers schedule appointments with clients to plan banquets, weddings and other formal or information conventions. They also meet with business associates and stakeholders to discuss business expansion and future business partners in new countries. The work of a hotel manager is to monitor and track money spent and hotel profits. The international hotel manager is required to cooperate and deliberate with other senior managers to synchronize the activities of the hotels in different parts of the world. The manager is in charge of negotiating contracts with suppliers, electricians, medics and other important people that work together to achieve a common goal of higher returns in their different fields. International hotel managers write extensive reports about each department functions in the hotel and use a computer system to monitor and maintain this information. Some hotels allow their international managers to set room price rates, create a budget, develop and implement po licies and create hotel procedures. An international hotel manager may be allocated the marketing, advertising and promotion design tasks. After completing my studies, my short-term goal includes working in an international hotel such as InterContinental Hotel as a manager. This position will give me the platform needed to acquire experience and skills to progress to a senior manager. Developing interpersonal relationships with my seniors, peers and subordinates will enable me to work towards increasing the hotel profits and improving the living standards of staff members. My long term career aspiration after 5 years of working as a manager is to be promoted to international InterContinental hotel manager. This top position will increase my annual salary with benefits and further develop my leadership and management skills. My long term personal aspiration is to travel to new countries, meet new people and learn new skills. In my international management position, I will develop new working conditions favorable for employees working in different countries with respect to their religious values, political affiliation and cultural backgrounds. I will plan and implement an exchange program for my employees, enabling them to travel to other countries that have our hotel branches and work for six months. During this time, employees will be allowed to explore their creativity in the hospitality industry, exchange cultural values and create a global relationship with other employees from different countrie

What is the state of corporate governance in the UK, USA, EU, Literature review

What is the state of corporate governance in the UK, USA, EU, Australia, Japan and the GCC countries - Literature review Example It a discipline that focuses mainly on existing relationships between a company’s top management, its stockholders, boards, regulators, other stakeholders and auditors, and is a â€Å"system by which companies are directed and controlled† (Corporate Governance, nd., p.11). The system takes into account various market and regulatory structures, while also considering objectives for governing business firms. As OECD framed it, â€Å"Corporate governance involves a set of relationships between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders. Corporate governance also provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance are determined† (OECD, 2004, p. 11). ... pted for preventing or diminishing contentious issues arising mainly from conflicts of interests include institutions, customs, procedures, laws and policies, which affect the manner in which a business firm is regulated (Cadbury, 1992, p. 15). An important theory within corporate governance deals with the extent and nature of  liability  of those concerned in the running of the  business. Another related yet different theory within corporate governance deals with its effects on  economic efficacy that mainly focuses on the welfare of its shareholder (Haidar,  2009). In large corporations that have different management and ownership with no regulating shareholder, the  agent-principal issues  may crop up between top management (an agent) that may have varying interests and may possess more information than the firm’s shareholders which form the principals. The main problem in this field arises when the board of directors instead of managing on behalf of the compa ny shareholders become separated from the latter, while becoming to more loyal to the firm’s management (Bebchuk and  Jesse, 2006). This dimension is often present in many of the current public debates, and is taken into consideration while framing regulatory policies. Currently there has been a great deal of interest in studying theories and practices of corporate governance of contemporary business firms, especially in the context of liability, after the bankruptcy of many of the well-known MNCs during 2002 and again during 2007-09 economic crisis, which concerned primarily accounting fraud (Haidar,  2009). Various corporate scandals  at different times, over the past few years, have led to sustained interests from both political and public world in maintaining a control and regulation over corporate

Investigating the Strength of a Supermarkets Plastic Bag Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Strength of a Supermarkets Plastic Bag Essay Aim I have been asked to investigate the strength of a supermarkets plastic bag. I am going to test and analyse the plastic bag by investigating how applying a gradual increasing force effects the extension of the material. Apparatus * 30cm by 1cm strip of plastic bag, * Stand, * Clamp, * Boss, * Weights (N)- 100g * 2 wood blocks, * Ruler Method Before we can begin the experiment my group and I will have to set up the apparatus as shown on the diagram but with excluding the weights. We will set up the apparatus by cutting a 1 by 30cm strip of plastic from a plastic bag. We will proceed by placing the strip in between the two wooden blocks and then into the clamp. We will then begin the experiment by applying the first weight of 1 Newton. After applying the first weight we will then measure the length of the plastic strip record the length and calculate the extension. We will continue the experiment by adding another 1 Newton and recording the result and extension again. We will continue to keep adding 1 Newton and recording the results until the strip of plastic snaps or we have recorded a total of 10 results. We will redo the experiment twice again so that the results are more accurate and we can determine an average. To make sure that we keep it a fair test we will make sure that we use the same length of plastic strip each time we carry out the experiment. When we increase the force we will always increase by 1 Newton to keep it a fair test. We will be measuring the length and extension of the plastic strip in centimetres (cm). We are doing to this to measure it. Preliminary Work Before completing the plan we tested the experiment as explained in the method. We found that as we increased the force in 1 Newton that the plastic strip actually snapped under an average of 3 Newtons which didnt give us enough results for the experiment. We tested this 3 times and found that this was happening for each time we carried out the experiment. To compensate for this we have decided to increase the force by only half a Newton so that more results can be recorded. Whilst carrying out the experiment we did record a set of results as follows- Experiment 1 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1 28.4 0.4 2 28.8 0.8 3 29.3 1.3 Experiment 2 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1 28.2 0.2 2 28.6 0.6 3 29 1 Experiment 3 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1 28.5 0.5 2 28.7 0.7 3 28.9 0.9 4 29.2 1.2 From these preliminary results I can see that the plastic extends to no more than 1.3cm of its original length before snapping. These results will help me with my prediction. Prediction I already know that the plastic bag is made up of polymers. These are chemical bonds which make up the properties that form the plastic bag. The polymers in which plastic bags are made are more commonly known as polyethylene. Polyethylene is a straight chain polymer. It consists of chains made up of only carbon and hydrogen. The bond that form the chain are covalent bonds and are held together by relatively weak electrostatic forces, because the bond carbon and hydrogen that form the polyethylene are covalent it means that they share electrons. The displayed formula for polyethylene is The chains can go on and on, The longer the chains the stronger the plastic. Polyethylene is very cheap to produce. It is strong and easily moulded. There are forces acting between the particles or molecules of the polyethylene which prevent the change in shape of the material, which when forces are applied can effect. Under the action of external forces the polymer bonds stretch and begin to straighten. At this point the plastic is actin as an elastic. As more force is applied will continue straightening until they reach a point of equal force, at this point the plastic is in a state of strain and can no longer straighten out. This is where the plastic begins to act as a plastic. If more force is applied the bonds will snap and the plastic strip will also snap. After taking into account of the information I already know and the results from my preliminary work, I predict that as the force is applied to the plastic strip it will stretch as an elastic until the force becomes so great it reaches a point at which it can no longer stretch as the bonds have been straightened and weakened, at this point I believe that the plastic strip will snap. Results Whilst carrying out my experiment I recorded the following results, Experiment 1 Force(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1/2 28 0 1 28.2 0.2 1-1/2 28.2 0.2 2 28.4 0.4 2-1/2 28.4 0.4 3 28.6 0.6 3-1/2 28.7 0.7 4 29.0 1 Experiment 2 Weight(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1/2 28 0 1 28.2 0.2 1-1/2 28.3 0.3 2 28.3 0.3 2-1/2 28.5 0.5 3 28.6 0.7 3-1/2 28.8 0.9 4 29.0 1.1 Experiment 3 Weight(N) Length(cm) Extension(cm) 0 28 0 1/2 28.1 0.1 1 28.1 0.1 1-1/2 28.2 0.2 2 28.3 0.3 2-1/2 28.5 0.5 3 28.7 0.7 3-1/2 28.9 0.9 4 29.1 1.1 I am now going to calculate the average for the extensions of each experiment, Average results Weight(N) Average extension(cm) 0 0 1/2 0.03 1 0.1 1-1/2 0.2 2 0.3 2-1/2 0.4 3 0.6 3-1/2 0.8 4 1.0 I am now going to plot a line graph for each set of results and my average results so that they can be easily viewed and analysed. I will use the line graphs to look for patterns and trends. I can also use the line graphs to determine whether I experienced any anomalous or irregular results.

Role of the IOC and the Council of Europe in anti-doping policy. :: essays research papers

Role of the IOC and the Council of Europe in anti-doping policy. Anti-Doping policy has altered from concerning a small group of governing bodies and countries to a large global affair in the last 40 years. This has encouraged development of series of international agreements, development of series of international agreements, the establishment of new global forums (World Anti-Doping Agency) and the commitment of many millions of dollars of public and government body funding. Up to the late 80s, anti-doping policies among major sporting countries could be seen falling into 1 of 3 categories: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1) small number countries – inc. France Belgium Scandinavian states where Gov. actively pursuing anti doping strategy -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2) larger amount of passive countries such as the US and West Germany, did not treat doping as priority for public policy due to either lack of resources or to reluctance to investigate own sports system in case it jeopardized their increasing int. success (such as Australia + Canada) -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3) most significant group which included former East Germany and Soviet Union. The Gov. actively colluded in doping of its international athletes. 40 years ago there was no testing and little discussion of drug abuse within sport, so the doping issue is very recent and policy solutions have only been introduced recently as well. Evolution of AD can b traced along 4 main dimensions -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarification of policy focus -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Generation and maintenance of political commitment -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology development -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The establishment of the necessary resource infrastructure Where the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Council of Europe come in: A series of high profile scandals in early to mid 60s forced issue on agenda of government and sports bodies. The IOC had been wary of government interest and involvement in sport and Olympic sport and they then established Medical commission in 61 and in 62, they decide they would take a stand against doping in sports. the Convention of European Sport Governing Bodies was scheduled for January 1963, at which a definition of doping was set up. This was adopted by the IOC: This early attempt at defining the problem was the start of a period of discussion by all key bodies interested in doping. Drug testing began around the same time as this convention. But it wasn’t until 5 years later that it re-established and reinvigorated the Medical Commission with a bright to advise the IOC and to oversee development policy. In 1966, 5 cyclists at the World Road Racing Champs refused to give urine sample.

Inflation Rate

Assignment On India’s Trend of Economic Growth and Employment (Since the year 1980 to2010) Submitted to DR. TAPAS KUMAR PAL Presented By * ARNABI BOSE (Roll- 1) * DIPA DAS (Roll- 10) * PURNAMRITA MALLICK (Roll- 3) * SWATI AGARWAL (Roll- 25) * TISTA BISWAS (Roll- 26) (MHROM 1st semester, Calcutta University) CHART SHOWING DATA OF NOMINAL & REAL GDP, GROWTH RATE, INFLATION & DEFLATION RATE AND EMPLOYMENT (PUBLIC & PRIVATE SECTOR) IN INDIA SINCE 1980 TO 2010 Year| NominalGDP(Rs. )| NominalGDP Growth Rate(%)| RealGDP(Rs. | RealGDP Growth Rate(%)| Deflator| InflationRate(%)| Public Sector(million)| PrivateSector(million)| Total Employment(million)| EmploymentRate(%)| 1980-81| 1368. 38| 19. 51| 7985. 06| 7. 21| 17. 14| 11. 51| 15. 48| 7. 40| 22. 88| 2. 3| 1981-82| 1602. 13| 17. 08| 8434. 26| 5. 63| 18. 99| 10. 79| 16. 28| 7. 53| 23. 81| 4. 06| 1982-83| 1789. 85| 11. 72| 8680. 91| 2. 92| 20. 62| 8. 58| 16. 75| 7. 39| 24. 14| 1. 38| 1983-84| 2093. 56| 16. 97| 9362. 69| 7. 85| 22. 36| 8. 43| 17. 22| 7. 36| 24. 58| 1. 82| 1984-85| 2351. 13| 12. 30| 9733. 57| 3. 96| 24. 15| 8. 00| 17. 58| 7. 43| 25. 01| 1. 4| 1985-86| 2627. 17| 11. 74| 10138. 66| 4. 16| 25. 91| 7. 28| 17. 68| 7. 37| 25. 05| 1. 71| 1986-87| 2929. 24| 11. 48| 10576. 12| 4. 31| 27. 69| 6. 86| 18. 24| 7. 39| 25. 63| 2. 31| 1987-88| 3320. 68| 13. 36| 10949. 92| 3. 53| 30. 32| 9. 49| 18. 32| 7. 39| 25. 71| 0. 31| 1988-89| 3962. 95| 19. 34| 12062. 43| 10. 16| 32. 85| 8. 34| 18. 51| 7. 45| 25. 96| 0. 97| 1989-90| 4565. 40| 15. 20| 12802. 28| 6. 13| 35. 66| 8. 55| 18. 77| 7. 58| 26. 35| 1. 50| 1990-91| 5318. 13| 16. 49| 13478. 89| 5. 29| 39. 45| 10. 62| 19. 06| 7. 68| 26. 74| 1. 48| 1991-92| 6135. 28| 15. 37| 13671. 71| 1. 3| 44. 87| 13. 73| 19. 21| 7. 85| 27. 06| 1. 19| 1992-93| 7037. 23| 14. 70| 14405. 03| 5. 36| 48. 85| 8. 87| 19. 33| 7. 85| 27. 18| 0. 44| 1993-94| 8197. 61| 16. 49| 15223. 43| 5. 68| 53. 85| 10. 23| 19. 45| 7. 93| 27. 38| 0. 73| 1994-95| 9553. 85| 16. 54| 16196. 94| 6. 39| 58. 98| 9. 52| 19. 47| 8. 06| 27. 53| 0. 54| 1995-96| 11185. 86| 17. 08| 17377. 40| 7. 29| 64. 37| 9. 13| 19. 43| 8. 51| 27. 94| 1. 48| 1996-97| 13017. 88| 16. 38| 18763. 19| 7. 97| 69. 38| 7. 78| 19. 56| 8. 69| 28. 25| 1. 10| 1997-98| 14476. 13| 11. 20| 19570. 31| 4. 30| 73. 97| 6. 61| 19. 42| 8. 75| 28. 17| 0. 8| Year| NominalGDP(billion)| NominalGDP Growth Rate(%)| RealGDP(billion)| RealGDP Growth Rate(%)| Deflator(%)| InflationRate(%)| Public Sector(million)| PrivateSector(million)| Total Employment(million)| EmploymentRate(%)| 1998-99| 16687. 39| 15. 28| 20878. 27| 6. 68| 79. 93| 8. 05| 19. 41| 8. 70| 28. 11| 0. 21| 1999-00| 18472. 73| 10. 70| 22462. 76| 7. 59| 82. 24| 2. 89| 19. 31| 8. 65| 27. 96| 0. 53| 2000-01| 19919. 82| 7. 83| 23427. 74| 4. 30| 85. 03| 3. 39| 19. 14| 8. 65| 27. 79| 0. 60| 2001-02| 21677. 45| 8. 82| 24720. 52| 5. 52| 87. 69| 3. 12| 18. 77| 8. 43| 27. 20| 2. 12| 2002-03| 23382. 00| 7. 86| 25706. 0| 3. 99| 90. 95| 3. 71| 18. 58| 8. 44| 27. 02| 0. 66| 2003-04| 26222. 16| 12 . 15| 27778. 13| 8. 06| 94. 39| 3. 78| 18. 20| 8. 25| 26. 45| 2. 10| 2004-05| 29714. 64| 13. 32| 29714. 64| 6. 97| 100| 5. 94| 18. 01| 8. 45| 26. 46| 0. 03| 2005-06| 33905. 03| 14. 10| 32530. 73| 9. 48| 104. 32| 4. 32| 18. 19| 8. 77| 26. 96| 1. 88| 2006-07| 39532. 76| 16. 60| 35643. 63| 9. 57| 110. 91| 6. 31| 18. 00| 9. 24| 27. 24| 1. 03| 2007-08| 45820. 86| 15. 91| 38966. 36| 9. 32| 117. 59| 6. 02| 17. 67| 9. 88| 27. 55| 1. 13| 2008-09| 53035. 67| 15. 75| 41586. 76| 6. 72| 127. 53| 8. 45| 17. 80| 10. 38| 28. 18| 2. 28| 2009-10| 60914. 5| 14. 86| 45076. 37| 8. 39| 135. 13| 5. 96| 17. 86| 10. 85| 28. 71| 1. 88| * INTRODUCTION: * What is GDP? Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports ? imports) * Nominal GDP is GDP evaluate d at current market prices. Therefore, nominal GDP will include all of the changes in market prices that have occurred during the current year due to inflation or deflation. In order to abstract from changes in the overall price level, another measure of GDP called real GDP is often used. Real GDP is GDP evaluated at the market prices of some base year. For example, if 1990 were chosen as the base year, then real GDP for 1995 is calculated by taking the quantities of all goods and services purchased in 1995 and multiplying them by their 1990 prices. * Inflation is defined as a rise in the overall price level, and deflation is defined as a fall in the overall price level. The inflation rate is one of the most important economic forces consistently weighing on the value of a nation's currency. Low Inflation Causes Growth: It is argued that low inflation can contribute to a higher rate of growth in the long term. This is because low inflation helps promote stability, confidence, and se curity and therefore encourages investment. This investment helps promote long term economic growth. If an economy has periods of high and volatile inflation rates, then rates of economic growth tend to be lower. * High Inflation and Low Growth: It is possible that an economy can experience low growth and high inflation this can occur if there is cost push inflation.Cost push inflation could be caused by rising oil prices. It increases costs for firms and reduces disposable income. Therefore, there is lower growth, whilst high inflation. * What is the relationship between inflation unemployment and Real GDP? During peak periods of the business cycle when the economy is experiencing rapid growth in real GDP, employment will increase as businesses seek workers to produce a higher output. If real GDP grows too quickly, however, it can cause price inflation as firms are forced to bid against one another or increasingly scarce workers. In contrast during trough periods of the business cy cle the economy is experiencing declines in real GDP, and employment rates are low. This is classic Neo-Keynesian economic theory. * Workings: 1. Calculation for Deflator: (Nominal GDP/Real GDP)*100 2. Calculation for Inflation Rate: {(Current Year’s GDP Deflator – Previous Year’s GDP Deflator) / Previous Year’s GDP Deflator}* 100 3. Calculation for Growth Rate: {(Current Year Growth Rate-Previous Year Growth Rate)/Previous Year Growth Rate}*100 4. Calculation for Employment Rate: (Current Year Employment Rate-Previous Year Employment Rate)/Previous Year Employment Rate}*100 # We have calculated nominal GDP and Real GDP at the Factor Cost. * The average inflation rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average inflation rate of year 1980-85 is: (11. 51+10. 79+8. 58+8. 53+8)/5=9. 48 The average inflation rate of year 1985-90 is: (7. 28+6. 86+9. 49+8. 34+8. 55)/5=8. 10 The average inflation rate of year 1990-95 is: (10. 62+13. 73+8. 87+10. 23+ 9. 52)/5=10. 59 The average inflation rate of year 1995-2000 is: (9. 13+7. 78+6. 61+8. 05+2. 89)/5=6. 89 The average inflation rate of year 2000-05 is: 3. 39+3. 12+3. 71+3. 78+5. 94)/5=3. 98 The average inflation rate of year 2005-10 is: (4. 32+6. 31+6. 02+8. 45+5. 96)/5=6. 21 * The average Employment Rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average employment rate of year 1980-85: (2. 3+4. 06+1. 38+1. 82+1. 74)/5=2. 26 The average employment rate of year 1985-90: (1. 71+2. 31+0. 31+0. 97+1. 50)/5=1. 36 The average employment rate of year 1990-95: (1. 48+1. 19+0. 44+0. 73+0. 54)/5=0. 87 The average employment rate of year 1995-2000: (1. 48+1. 10+0. 28+0. 21+0. 53)/5=0. 72 The average employment rate of year 2000-05: (0. 60+2. 12+0. 66+2. 10+0. 03)/5=1. 0 The average employment rate of year 2005-10: (1. 88+1. 03+1. 13+2. 28+1. 88)/5=1. 64 * The average Real GDP Growth rate with a 5-years interval is calculated below: The average real GDP growth rate of year 1980-85 is: ( 7. 21+5. 63+2. 92+7. 85+3. 96)/5=5. 51 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is: (4. 16+4. 31+3. 53+10. 16+6. 13)/5=5. 65 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is: (5. 29+1. 43+5. 36+5. 68+6. 39)/5=4. 83 The average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is: (7. 29+7. 97+4. 30+6. 68+7. 59)/5=6. 76 The average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is: (4. 30+5. 52+3. 99+8. 06+6. 7)/5=5. 76 The average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is: (9. 48+9. 57+9. 32+6. 72+8. 39)/5=8. 69 * Conclusion: As we can see the average real GDP growth rate from 1980-85 is 5. 51 and the average inflation rate of year 1980-85 is 9. 48 as well as the average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is 5. 65 and the average inflation rate of year 1985-90 is 8. 10. So, it can be observed that, when the real GDP growth rates increased in the next consecutive years, the inflation rate has been decreased. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is 4. 83 and average inflation rat e of year 1990-95 is 10. 9. Here with respect to the year 1985-90, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the inflation rate is increasing. Further, average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 76 and the average inflation rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 89. Here again, with respect to the year 1990-95, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the inflation rate is decreasing. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is 5. 76 and average inflation rate of year 2000-05 is 3. 98. Here with respect to the year 1995-2000, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the inflation rate is also decreasing.And, average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is 8. 69 and average inflation rate of year 2005-10 is 6. 21. Here with respect to the year 2000-05, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the inflation rate is also increasing. THEREFORE, FROM THE ABOVE COMPARISONS, GOING WITH THE MAJORITY, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT IN INDIA, SINCE THE YEAR 1980-2010, REAL GDP GROWTH RATE AND INFLATION RATE ARE INVERSELY RELATED, AS FOR 3 CASES WE CAN SEE WHEN REAL GDP GROWTH RATES HAVE INCREASED, INFLATION RATES HAVE DECREAS AND VICE VERSA †¦Now, as per our assignment, we have to compare India’s Trend of Economic Growth with Employment (Since the year 1980 to2010). As we can see the average real GDP growth rate from 1980-85 is 5. 51 and the average employment rate of year 1980-85 is 2. 26 as well as the average real GDP growth rate of year 1985-90 is 5. 65 and the average employment rate of year 1985-90 is 1. 36. So, it can be observed that, when the real GDP growth rates increased in the next consecutive years, the employment rate has decreased. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 1990-95 is 4. 83 and average employment rate of year 1990-95 is 0. 7. Here with respect to the year 1985-90, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the employment rate is also decreasing. Further, average real GDP growth rate of year 1995-2000 is 6. 76 and the average employment rate of year 1995-2000 is 0. 72. Here again, with respect to the year 1990-95, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the employment rate is decreasing. Again, average real GDP growth rate of year 2000-05 is 5. 76 and average employment rate of year 2000-05 is 1. 10. Here with respect to the year 1995-2000, the real GDP growth rate is decreasing and the employment rate is increasing.And, average real GDP growth rate of year 2005-10 is 8. 69 and average employment rate of year 2005-10 is 1. 64. Here with respect to the year 2000-05, the real GDP growth rate is increasing and the employment rate is also increasing. THEREFORE, FROM THE ABOVE COMPARISONS, GOING WITH THE MAJORITY, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT IN INDIA, SINCE THE YEAR 1980-2010, REAL GDP GROWTH RATE AND EMPLOYMENT RATE ARE INVERSELY RELATED, AS FOR 3 CASES WE CAN SEE WHEN REAL GDP GROWTH RATES HAVE INCREASED, EMPLOYMENT RATES HAVE DECREAS AND VICE VERSA †¦

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